Major Events in Nanotechnology
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Field emission microscope invented by Erwin Müller John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain at Bell Labs discovered the semiconductor transistor Victor La Mer and Robert Dinegar developed the theory and a process for growing monodisperse colloidal materials. Erwin Müller pioneered the field ion microscope Arthur Von Hippel at MIT introduced many concepts of-and coined the term-“molecular engineering’’ Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments originated the concept of, designed, and built the first integrated circuit, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 2000. Richard Feynman gave what is considered to be the first lecture on technology and engineering at the atomic scale, "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech. Tokyo Science University Professor Norio Taniguchi coined the term nanotechnology Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer at IBM’s Zurich lab invented the scanning tunneling microscope. Russia’s Alexei Ekimov discovered nanocrystalline, semiconducting quantum dots in a glass matrix Rice University researchers Harold Kroto, Sean O’Brien, Robert Curl, and Richard Smalley discovered theBuckminsterfullerene (C60) Gerd Binnig, Calvin Quate, and Christoph Gerber invented the atomic force microscope Don Eigler and Erhard Schweizer at IBM's Almaden Research Center manipulated 35 individual xenon atoms to spell out the IBM logo Early nanotechnology companies began to operate, e.g., Nanophase Technologies in 1989, Helix Energy Solutions Group in 1990, Zyvex in 1997, Nano-Tex in 1998 Sumio Iijima of NEC is credited with discovering the carbon nanotube (CNT), although there were early observations of tubular carbon structures by others as well. C.T. Kresge and colleagues at Mobil Oil discovered the nanostructured catalytic materials MCM-41 and MCM-48 Moungi Bawendi of MIT invented a method for controlled synthesis of nanocrystals (quantum dots) The Interagency Working Group on Nanotechnology (IWGN) was formed Cornell University researchers Wilson Ho and Hyojune Lee probed secrets of chemical bonding by assembling a molecule [iron carbonyl Fe(CO)2] from constituent components [iron (Fe) and carbon monoxide (CO)] with a scanning tunneling microscope. Chad Mirkin at Northwestern University invented dip-pen nanolithography® (DPN®) Formation of the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative Nanotechnology Products Began to be seen on the market e.g. golf balls that fly straighter, nano-silver antibacterial socks, clear sunscreens, wrinkle- and stain-resistant clothing, deep-penetrating therapeutic cosmetics and improved displays for televisions, cell phones, and digital cameras. Naomi Halas, Jennifer West, Rebekah Drezek, and Renata Pasqualin at Rice University developed gold nanoshells Britain’s Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering published Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies: Opportunities and Uncertainties advocating the need to address potential health, environmental, social, ethical, and regulatory issues associated with nanotechnology. Erik Winfree and Paul Rothemund from the California Institute of Technology developed theories for DNA-based computation and “algorithmic self-assembly” in which computations are embedded in the process of nanocrystal growth. James Tour and colleagues at Rice University built a nanoscale car Angela Belcher and colleagues at MIT built a lithium-ion battery with a common type of virus that is nonharmful to humans Nadrian Seeman and colleagues at New York University created several DNA-like robotic nanoscale assembly devices. IBM used a silicon tip measuring only a few nanometers at its apex (similar to the tips used in atomic force microscopes) to chisel away material from a substrate to create a complete nanoscale 3D relief map of the world one-one-thousandth the size of a grain of salt—in 2 minutes and 23 seconds. The NSET Subcommittee updated both the NNI Strategic Plan and the NNI Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Strategy, drawing on extensive input from public workshops and online dialog with stakeholders from Government, academia, NGOs, and the public, and others. Nanotech Conference & Expo 2012 june 18-21 in Santa Clara, California The timeline above is based on a timeline done by www.nano.gov. [3] Below is a nanotechnology news feed to keep up to date with all the latest in nanotechnology |